小羊倌&意大利童話
從前有個小羊倌,他的個兒長得很小,很是調皮搗蛋。一天,他趕著羊去草地時,看到一個小販頭頂一籃子雞蛋從也他身旁經過,他將一塊石頭扔進人家的籃子裡,把雞蛋全砸碎了。可憐的賣蛋女人氣壞了,尖著嗓子詛咒說:“你呀這輩子莫想再長大了,除非你找到可愛的巴格琳娜,她有三隻會唱歌的蘋果。”
從此,小羊倌變得又瘦又小。他媽媽越是疼愛他,他越變得瘦小。最後,他媽媽問道:“你到底出了什麼事?你是不是做了壞事,人家詛咒你啦?”於是,他把對賣蛋小販惡作劇的事講了出來,把那個女人詛咒他的話又講了一遍:“你呀這輩子莫想再長大了,除非你找到可愛的巴格琳娜,她有三隻會唱歌的蘋果。”
“這樣的話,”媽媽說,“你別無辦法,只好去尋找可愛的巴格琳娜了。”
小羊倌離開了家。他來到一座橋上,看見一個小女人坐在榛子殼裡來回地搖晃著。
“那邊是誰呀?”小女人問。
“一位朋友。”
“向上撥一下我的眼皮,好讓我看一看你。”
“我正在尋找有三隻會唱歌的蘋果的、可愛的巴格琳娜,你知道她的一點情況嗎?”
“不知道,不過你可以帶著這塊石頭,它遲早會有用的。”
羊倌又走到另一座橋邊,看見一個小女人正在一個雞蛋殼裡洗澡。
“那邊是誰呀?”小女人問。
“一位朋友。”
“向上撥一下我的眼皮,好讓我看一看你。”
“我正在尋找有三隻會唱歌的蘋果的、可愛的巴格琳娜,你聽說過有關她的消息嗎?”
“沒有。不過你可以把這把象梳子拿去,它早晚會有用的。”
羊倌把梳子裝入口袋,接著繼續趕路,後來走到一條小溪邊,看見一個人正在將霧裝入袋子。當小羊倌問這個人是否知道可愛的巴格琳娜時,他回答說一無所知,但給了小羊倌一口袋霧,說它總會有用的。
接著,他走到一座磨坊,磨坊主是一隻會說話的狐狸。它說:“我知道可愛的巴格琳娜是誰,但你要找到她卻十分困難。你一直朝前走,走到一所敞開著大門的房子。走進去,你就會看到一隻掛著許多小鈴鐺的水晶鳥籠。籠子裡就放著會唱歌的蘋果。你要拿走這隻鳥籠,可要留神看管它的老婆婆。如果她的兩眼睜著,那說明她睡著了;如果她的兩眼閉著,她肯定醒著。”
羊倌繼續趕路。到了那裡他發現老婆婆的眼睛閉著,知道她並沒有睡覺。“小夥子,”老婆婆說,“低下頭看看我的頭髮,找找裡面有沒有蝨子。”
當羊倌低著頭給她捉蝨子的時候,老婆婆睜開了雙眼,他知道她睡著了。他連忙拿起水晶鳥籠逃走了。可是,籠子上的小鈴鐺叮叮噹噹地響起來,老婆婆驚醒了。她派了一百名騎兵去追他。聽到尾隨而來的騎兵馬上要追上了,小羊倌掏出口袋裡的那塊石頭丟了出去,石頭馬上變成了一座陡壁懸崖的大山,追來的馬全倒在地上,跌斷了腿。
這些騎兵失去了馬,便步行回到老婆婆那兒。接著,老婆婆又派了二百名騎兵去追趕。小羊倌眼看自己又處在危險之中,便將那一把象牙梳子扔了出去,它變成了一座象玻璃山一樣光滑的高山,那些馬和騎兵全都滑下來摔死了。
接著,老婆婆又派了三百名騎兵去追趕。小羊倌又掏出那一口袋霧來,向身後猛擲出去,這支三百人的騎兵隊全都被大霧迷住了,失去了方向。跑了這麼一陣子,羊倌感到口渴,但身邊沒有什麼可解渴的東西,便將鳥籠中的三隻蘋果拿出一隻來,準備切開。這時他聽到一個細微的聲音說道:“請輕輕切,否則你要刺傷我啦。”他輕輕切開蘋果,吃了一半,將另一半裝到口袋裡。最後,他來到自己家附近的一口井旁,伸手去摸口袋裡的一半蘋果,卻掏出來一個很小、很小的小姑娘。
“我就是可愛的巴格琳娜,”她說,“我喜歡吃餅,去給我拿只餅來,我餓極啦。”
這口井的井口加了蓋,中間有一個圓洞可以汲水。羊倌讓小姑娘坐在井邊上,叫她等著,自己便去拿餅了。
這時,一個大家叫做“醜奴隸”的僕人前來打水。她發現這個小姑娘,便說:“你怎麼會長得這麼小巧、這麼漂亮,而我卻生得這麼粗、這麼醜呢?”她越說越生氣,竟把這個小東西扔進了井裡。
羊倌回來後發現可愛的巴格琳娜不見了,他的心都碎啦。
小羊倌的母親也是在這口井裡打水用的。有一天,她發現自己的桶裡有一條魚。她把魚拿回家,用油煎好。他們母子吃了魚,把骨頭丟在窗外。後來,丟魚骨頭的地方長出一棵樹來,它長得很高大,把整所房子的光線都擋住了。於是,羊倌把樹砍倒,劈成木柴後搬到家裡。那時,他的母親已經去世,羊倌獨自一人住在這兒。如今,他比以往更瘦小了,不管怎麼想方設法,他總是長不大。他每天外出放羊,晚上回家。可是他每天回到家裡時,發現早晨用過的鍋碗瓢勺都已洗好了,這是多麼令人驚奇的事啊!他想不出是誰幫他做的這些。最後,他決定藏在門後觀察一下。這時,他看到的卻是一位秀麗的姑娘從柴堆裡鉆出來,洗鍋碗,打掃房間,疊被子,然後她打開食櫥,拿出一隻餅來吃。
小羊倌從門後猛地跳出來,問道:“你是誰?怎麼進到房間裡來的?”
“我就是可愛的巴格琳娜,”姑娘回答,“就是你掏那半隻蘋果時看到的那個姑娘。‘醜奴隸’把我扔進井裡,我變成了魚,接著又變成魚骨頭被丟在窗外。我又從魚骨頭變成樹種,破土而出變成樹,一個勁兒地往上長,最後又變成了你所劈的木柴。如今,你每天外出的時候,我就變成了可愛的巴格琳娜。”
由於重新找到了可愛的巴格琳娜,羊倌的身個兒飛快地向上長,可愛的巴格琳娜也跟他一起長大了。不久,羊倌就成了一位漂亮的年輕人,跟可愛的巴格琳娜結了婚。他們舉行了盛大的慶祝宴會。當時我也在場,是在桌子底下。他們丟給我一塊骨頭,正巧打在我的鼻子上,從此它就粘在那兒永遠掉不下來了。
(熱那亞內陸地區)
註釋:
材料來源:皮·埃·格納瑞奧蒐集的《熱那亞方言故事兩篇》(熱那亞,1892年版);蒐集地區:熱那亞附近的托里格利亞;講述者:鄉村婦女瑪麗亞·班奇露。
“三隻桔子”的故事流傳很廣[1];這篇熱那亞民間故事的特點在於出現了象希諾尼謨·博西[2]油畫裡的那些小東西——在果子殼裡或蛋殼裡搖晃著的小仙女。我們在熱那亞的另一篇民間故事(見安德魯斯所編《利古里亞故事集》第五十一篇)中也遇到同樣的小東西。
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[1]參看序言及第八十七篇《美麗的綠島》和一○七篇《三隻石榴的故事》的註釋部分。
[2]希諾尼謨·博西(1460-1516),荷蘭畫家。
TheLittleShepherd
Therewasonceashepherdboynobiggerthanamiteandasmeanascouldbe.Onhiswayouttopastureoneday,hepassedapoultrydealercarryingabasketofeggsonherhead.Sowhatdidhedobutthrowastoneintothebasketandbreakeverysingleegg.Enraged,thepoorwomanscreamedacurse:"YoushallgetnobiggeruntilyouvefoundlovelyBargaglinaofthethreesingingapples!"
Fromthattimeon,theshepherdboygrewthinandpuny,andthemorehismotherattendedtohim,thepunierhebecame.Finallysheasked,"Whatonearthhashappenedtoyou?Haveyoudoneabadturnforwhichsomeoneplacedacurseonyou?"Hethentoldherabouthismeannesstothepoultrydealer,repeatingthewomanswordstohim,"YoushallgetnobiggeruntilyouvefoundlovelyBargaglinaofthethreesingingapples!"
"Inthatcase,"saidhismother,"youvenochoicebuttogoinsearchofthislovelyBargaglina."
Theshepherdsetout.Hecametoabridge,onwhichalittleladywasrockingtoandfroinawalnutshell.
"Whogoesthere?"
"Afriend."
"Liftmyeyelidsalittle,soIcanseeyou."
"ImseekinglovelyBargaglinaofthethreesingingapples.Doyouknowanythingabouther?"
"No,buttakethisstone;itwillcomeinhandy."
Theshepherdcametoanotherbridge,whereanotherlittleladywasbathinginaneggshell.
"Whogoesthere?"
"Afriend."
"Liftmyeyelidsalittle,soIcanseeyou."
"ImseekinglovelyBargaglinaofthethreesingingapples.Haveyouanynewsofher?"
"No,buttakethisivorycomb,whichwillcomeinhandy."
Theshepherdputitinhispocketandwalkedonuntilhecametoastreamwhereamanwasfillingabagwithfog.WhenaskedaboutlovelyBargaglina,themanclaimedtoknownothingabouther,buthegavetheshepherdapocketfuloffog,whichwouldcomeinhandy.
Nexthecametoamillwhosemiller,atalkingfox,said,"Yes,IknowwholovelyBargaglinais,butyoullhavedifficultyfindingher.Walkstraightaheaduntilyoucometoahousewiththedooropen.Goinsideandyoullseeacrystalcagehungwithmanylittlebells.Inthecagearethesingingapples.Youmusttakethecage,butwatchoutforacertainoldwoman.Ifhereyesareopen,thatmeansshesasleep.Iftheyreclosed,shessurelyawake."
Theshepherdmovedon.Hefoundtheoldwomanwithhereyesclosedandrealizedshewasawake."Mylad,"saidtheoldwoman,"glancedowninmyhairandseeifIveanylice."
Helooked,andashewasdelousingher,sheopenedhereyesandheknewshehadfallenasleep.Sohequicklypickedupthecrystalcageandfled.Butthelittlebellsonthecagetinkled,andtheoldwomanawakenedandsentahundredhorsemenafterhim.Hearingthemalmostuponhim,theshepherddroppedthestonehehadinhispocket.Itchangedinstantlyintoasteep,rockymountain,andthehorsesallfellandbroketheirlegs.
Nowhorseless,thecavalrymenreturnedtotheoldwoman,whothensentouttwohundredmountedsoldiers.Seeinghimselfinnewperil,theshepherdthrewdowntheivorycomb.Itturnedintoamountainasslickasglass,downwhichhorsesandridersallslidtotheirdeath.
Theoldwomanthensentthreehundredhorsemenafterhim,buthepulledoutthepocketfuloffog,hurleditoverhisshoulder,andthearmygotlostinit.Meanwhile,theshepherdhadgrownthirstyand,havingnothingwithhimtodrink,removedoneofthethreeapplesfromthecageandcutintoit.Atinyvoicesaid,"Gently,please,oryoullhurtme."Gently,hefinishedcuttingtheapple,ateonehalf,andputtheotherinhispocket.Atlengthhecametoawellnearhishouse,wherehereachedintohispocketfortherestoftheapple.Initsplacewasatiny,tinylady.
"ImlovelyBargaglina,"shesaid,"andIlikecake.Gogetmeacake,Imfamished."
Thewellwasoneofthoseclosedwells,withaholeinthecenter,sotheshepherdseatedtheladyontherim,tellinghertowaitthereuntilhecamebackwiththecake.
Meanwhile,aservantknownasUglySlavecametothewellforwater.Shespiedthelovelylittleladyandsaid,"HowcomeyouresolittleandbeautifulwhileImsobigandugly?"Andshegrewsofuriousthatshethrewthetinycreatureintothewell.
TheshepherdreturnedandwasheartbrokentofindlovelyBargaglinagone.
Nowhismotheralsowenttothatwellforwater,andwhatshouldshefindinherbucketonedaybutafish.Shetookithomeandfriedit.Theyateitandthrewthebonesoutthewindow.Therewheretheyfell,atreegrewupandgotsobigthatitshutoutallthelightfromthehouse.Theshepherdthereforecutitdownandchoppeditupforfirewood,whichhebroughtinside.Bythattimehismotherhaddied,andhelivedthereallbyhimself,nowpunierthenever,sincenomatterwhathetried,hecouldntgrowanybigger.Everydayhewentouttothepastureandcamebackhomeatnight.Howgreatwashisamazementuponfindingthedishesandpanshedusedinthemorningallwashedforhimwhenhecamehome!Hecouldntimaginewhowasdoingthis.Atlasthedecidedtohidebehindthedoorandfindout.Whomshouldhethenseebutaverydaintymaidenemergefromthewoodpile,washthedishes,sweepthehouse,andmakehisbed,afterwhichsheopenedthecupboardandhelpedherselftoacake.
Outsprangtheshepherd,asking,"Whoareyou?Howdidyougetin?"
"ImlovelyBargaglina,"repliedthemaiden,"thegirlyoufoundinyourpocketinplaceoftheapplehalf.UglySlavethrewmeintothewell,andIturnedintoafish,thenintofishbonesthrownoutthewindow.FromfishbonesIchangedintoatreeseed,nextintoatreethatgrewandgrew,andfinallyintofirewoodyoucut.Now,everydaywhileyoureaway,IbecomelovelyBargaglina."
ThankstotherediscoveryoflovelyBargaglina,theshepherdgrewbyleapsandbounds,andlovelyBargaglinaalongwithhim.SoonhewasahandsomeyouthandmarriedlovelyBargaglina.Theyhadabigfeast.Iwasthere,underthetable.Theythrewmeabone,whichhitmeonthenoseandstuckforgood.
(InlandvicinityofGenoa)
NOTES:
"TheLittleShepherd"(Ilpastorechenoncrescevamai)fromGuarnerio(DuefoleneldialettodelcontadogenovesecollectedbyP.E.Guarnerio,Genoa,1892),Torriglia,nearGenoa,toldbythecountrywomanMariaBanchero.
AfeatureofthisGenoesevariantofthewidespreadtaleofthe"threeoranges"includesencounterswithcreatureslikethoseinthepaintingsofHieronymusBosch——tinyfairiesrockinginnutshellsoreggshells.WemeetthesamebeingsinanotherGenoeseversion(Andrews,51).
Copyright:ItalianFolktalesSelectedandRetoldbyItaloCalvino,
translatedbyGeorgeMartin,
PantheonBooks,NewYork1980