十二頭牛&意大利童話
從前有十二個兄弟,跟父親吵架後,一起離開了家。他們在森林裏搭起了一座房屋,以做木匠活為生。父母又生了一個女兒,她成了二老生活的寄託。小妹長大了,她只是聽説過十二個哥哥的事,但從沒跟他們見過面,她非常渴望能見到他們。
有一次,小妹到泉水邊洗澡,她先把自己戴的珊瑚項鍊摘了下來掛在了一根樹枝上。正好有一隻烏鴉飛過,叼起項鍊飛走了。小妹追着烏鴉跑進了森林,遇到了哥哥們住的那座房屋。屋裏一個人也沒有,小妹煮好一鍋麪條,盛在盤子中,就鑽到牀下躲起來。十二兄弟回到家,看到麪條已經煮好了,而且還給盛在盤子中,就吃了起來。吃完以後,他們都有些害怕,擔心是女巫跟他們開的一個玩笑,因為這片森林裏有很多女巫。
第二天,十二兄弟留下一個人守着房間,他發現一個姑娘從牀底下跳了出來。當兄弟們知道她並非女巫而是他們從沒見過面的小妹時,都高興地歡呼起來,他們想讓小妹留下來跟他們一起生活。但他們又叮囑她,不得和森林中的任何人説話,因為林子裏滿是女巫。
一天傍晚,爐火滅了,可小妹要給哥哥們準備晚飯。為了節省時間,她來到附近的一間小屋借火。小屋中住着一個老婦,她很熱情地答應借火給小妹,但提出了交換條件:第二天她要來在小妹的小手指上吸一點血。
小妹説:“我不能給任何人開門,我的哥哥們不同意。”
老婦説:“不需要你開門,當你聽到敲門聲,把小手指伸進鑰匙孔裏,讓我吸幾下就行了。”
就這樣,老婦每天晚上都來吸小妹的血,小妹的臉色變得越來越蒼白。哥哥們覺得不對勁,就問小妹,小妹就把她為了找女巫借火,讓女巫吸她的血作交換的事説了。哥哥們説:“這事讓我們處理吧。”
女巫又來了,敲門後沒看到姑娘的手指伸出來,女巫就從門下方的貓洞伸進頭來。一個哥哥拿着一把斧頭正等着她呢,手起斧落,女巫的頭就被砍了下來。然後兄弟們把女巫的屍首扔下了山谷。
一天,小妹去泉邊遇到了另一個老婦,在賣白色的碗。
“我沒有錢買。”姑娘説。
“我白送給你。”老婦説。
就這樣,哥哥們口乾舌燥地回到家時,一眼就看見了盛滿了水的十二隻白碗,他們紛紛一飲而盡,一下子全都變成了牛。只有第十二個哥哥,不像其它哥哥那麼渴,只喝了一口水,變成了一隻羊。小妹只好孤單地跟這十一頭牛和一隻羊一起生活,每天餵養牠們。
這一天,一個王子來森林打獵迷了路,轉到小妹的房屋,愛上了她。王子告訴她想要娶她為妻,而她回答説她必須帶上她的十二隻牛哥羊哥,不能丟?遣還堋M踝喲潘退氖魴殖せ氐攪送豕∶貿閃慫男履鎄蹂鞘煌放:鴕恢謊蟣話才拋〗患浯罄硎齔傻吶E錚米漚鸌幼齙氖巢邸5種械吶撞⒉桓市摹S幸惶歟蹂叛蚋綹紜蓯譴艩諫肀摺狡鹹鴨芟律⒉劍魷至艘晃煥細盡?br />
“好心的王妃,你能賞我一串葡萄嗎?”
“好的,老太太,你隨便摘吧。”王妃回答。
“我構不到葡萄架,好心的王妃,你幫我摘吧。”
“這就來。”王妃説着,伸出手去摘一串葡萄。
“摘那邊那串熟透的吧。”老婦指着池塘上邊的那串葡萄説。
王妃為了摘到那串葡萄,爬上池塘的邊牆,這時,老婦上去推了她一把,王妃就摔了下去。羊哥一見,咩咩地圍着池塘叫,但誰也不明白牠在叫什麼,也聽不到池塘下邊王妃的呻吟聲。這時,女巫變成王妃的樣子,躺在牀上。王子回到家,問:“怎麼躺在牀上,不舒服嗎?”
假王妃回答説:“我不舒服,我需要吃一些羊肉。你讓人把那隻叫個不停的羊給我宰了。”
王子説:“你還記得你以前對我説的話嗎?你説那隻羊是你的哥哥,而你現在卻要把牠吃了?”
女巫露出了馬腳!她愣在那裏不知説什麼才好。王子發現事有蹊蹺,他來到花園,跟着那隻拚命叫着的羊向池塘走去。到了池塘邊,王子聽見妻子呼喚他的聲音。王子驚叫道:“你怎麼到池塘底下了,剛才你還在牀上,我不是剛離開你嗎?”
“不,我從早上就掉到這裏了,是一個女巫把我推下來了。”
王子立即把妻子救了上來。他派人抓住了女巫,而且要燒死她。隨着火一點點燒到女巫的手上、腿上、肘上,一頭牛變回了人,另一頭也變回了人,所有的牛和羊都變回了人,他們全都很健壯,好象一隊威武的巨人闖入了城堡。他們全都被封為親王,而我還跟以前一樣是一個窮困潦倒的人。
(蒙費拉托地區)
TheTwelveOxen
Thereweretwelvebrotherswhofelloutwiththeirfather,andalltwelveofthemlefthome.Theybuiltthemselvesahouseinthewoodsandmadetheirlivingascarpenters.Meanwhiletheirparentshadababygirl,whowasagreatcomforttothem.Thechildgrewupwithoutevermeetinghertwelvebrothers.Shehadonlyheardthemmentioned,andshelongedtoseethem.
Onedayshewenttobatheatafountain,andthefirstthingshedidwasremovehercoralnecklaceandhangitonatwig.Aravencameby,grabbedthenecklace,andflewoffwithit.Thegirlranintothewoodsaftertheravenandfoundherbrothershouse.Noonewasathome,soshecookedthenoodles,spoonedthemontothebrothersplates,andhidunderabed.Thebrothersreturnedand,findingthenoodlesreadyandwaiting,satdownandate.Butthentheygrewuneasy,suspectingthewitcheshadplayedajokeonthem,forthewoodswerefullofwitches.
Oneofthetwelvekeptwatchthenextdayandsawthegirljumpoutfromunderthebed.Whenthebrotherslearnedshewasnotawitchbuttheirownlittlesister,theymadeagreatto-dooverherandinsistedthatsheremainwiththem.Buttheycautionedhertospeaktonooneinthewoods,becausetheplacewasfullofwitches.
Oneeveningwhenthegirlwenttopreparesupper,shefoundthatthefirehadgoneout.Tosavetime,shewenttoanearbycottagetogetalight.Anoldwomanatthecottagegraciouslygaveherthelight,butsaidthat,inexchange,shewouldcometothegirlonthemorrowandsuckabitofbloodfromherlittlefinger.
"Icantletanyoneinthehouse,"saidthegirl."Mybrothersforbidit."
"Youdontevenhavetoopenthedoor,"repliedtheoldwoman."WhenIknock,allyouhavetodoisstickyourlittlefingerthroughthekeyhole,andIllsuckit."
Sotheoldwomancamebyeveryeveningtosuckthebloodfromher,whilethegirlgrewpalerandpaler.Herbrothersnoticeditandaskedhersomanyquestionsthatsheadmittedgoingtoanoldwitchforalightandhavingtopayforitwithherblood."Justletustakecareofher,"saidthebrothers.
Thewitcharrived,knocked,andwhenthegirlfailedtostickherfingerthroughthekeyhole,shepokedherheadthroughthecatdoor.Oneofthebrothershadhishatchetallreadyandchoppedoffherhead.Thentheypitchedtheremainsintoaravine.
Onedayonthewaytothefountain,thegirlmetanotheroldwoman,whowassellingwhitebowls.
"Ihavenomoney,"saidthegirl.
"InthatcaseIllmakeyouapresentofthem,"saidtheoldwoman.
Sowhenthebrotherscamehomethirsty,theyfoundtwelvebowelsfilledwithwater.Theypitchedinanddrank,andinstantlychangedintoaherdofoxen.Onlythetwelfth,whosethirstwasslight,barelytouchedthewaterandturnedintoalamb.Thesisterthereforefoundherselfalonewithelevenoxenandonelambtofeedeveryday.
Aprinceouthuntingwentastrayinthewoodsand,turningupatthegirlshouse,fellinlovewithher.Heaskedhertomarryhim,butsherepliedthatshehadtothinkofheroxenbrothersandcouldntpossiblyleavethem.Theprincetookhertohispalacealongwithallthebrothers.Thegirlbecamehisprincessbride,andtheelevenoxenandthelambwereputintoamarblebarnwithgoldmangers.
Butthewitchesinthewoodsdidnotgiveup.Onedaytheprincesswasstrollingunderthegrapearborwithherlambkinbrotherthatshealwayscarriedwithher,whenanoldwomanwalkeduptoher.
"Willyougivemeabunchofgrapes,mygoodprincess?"
"Yes,dearoldsoul,helpyourself."
"Icantreachupthathigh,pleasepickthemforme."
"Rightaway,"saidtheprincess,reachingupforabunch.
"Pickthatbunchthere,theyretheripest,"saidtheoldwoman,pointingtoabunchabovethecistern.
Toreachit,theprincesshadtostandontherimofthecistern.Theoldwomangaveherapush,andtheprincessfellin.Thelambstartedbleating,andbleatedallaroundthecistern,butnobodyunderstoodwhatitwasbleatingabout,nordidtheyheartheprincessmoaningdowninthewell.Meanwhilethewitchhadtakentheprincesssshapeandgotintoherbed.Whentheprincecamehome,heasked,"Whatareyoudoinginbed?"
"Imsick,"saidthefalseprincess."Ineedtoeatamorseloflamb.Slaughtermethatoneouttherethatwontstopbleating."
"Didntyoutellmesometimeago,"askedtheprince,"thatthelambwasyourbrother?Andyouwanttoeathimnow?"
Thewitchhadblunderedandwasatalossforwords.Theprince,sensingthatsomethingwasamiss,wentintothegardenandfollowedthelambthatwasbleatingsopitifully.Itapproachedthecistern,andtheprinceheardhiswifecalling.
"Whatareyoudoingatthebottomofthecistern?"heexclaimed."DidntIjustleaveyouinbed?"
"No,Ivebeendownhereeversincethismorning!Awitchthrewmein!"
Theprinceorderedhiswifepulledupatonce.Thewitchwascaughtandburnedatthestake.Whilethefireburned,theoxenandalsothelambslowlyturnedbackintofine,strappingyoungmen,andyoudhavethoughtthecastlehadbeeninvadedbyabandofgiants.Theywereallmadeprinces,whileIvestayedaspoorasoulasever.
(Monferrato)
NOTES:
"TheTwelveOxen"(Idodicibuoi)fromComparetti,47,Monferrato,Piedmont.
Thefolktalesaboutthesisterwhorescuesherbrotherorbrotherschangedintoanimalscanbedividedintotwogroups:theonewherethesevensonsareunderacurse(asinBasile,IV,8,orinGrimm,9and25),andtheotherwherethesolebrotheristransformedintoalamb(asinGrimm,11,orinmyno.178).Thebrothersaremostcommonlytransformedintobirds(swans,ravens,doves),andthefirstliterarymanifestationofthemotifdatesbacktothetwelfthcentury;thelatestispossiblyAndersens"WildSwans."
Copyright:ItalianFolktalesSelectedandRetoldbyItaloCalvino,
translatedbyGeorgeMartin,
PantheonBooks,NewYork1980